Remove any giblets or organs from the cavity (you can use them for extra flavour if desired).
Rinse the chicken under cold water and pat dry.
Place the whole chicken in a large stockpot or Dutch oven.
Add the chopped carrots, celery, onion, garlic, bay leaf, peppercorns, herbs, and apple cider vinegar.
Cover everything with cold water (about 1–2 inches above the chicken).
Bring the pot to a gentle boil over medium-high heat, then reduce to low heat to maintain a slow simmer (small bubbles, not a rolling boil).
Skim off any foam or impurities that rise to the top in the first 20 minutes.
Simmer uncovered for 1.5–2 hours (or up to 4 hours for deeper flavor).
After about 1 hour, you can remove the chicken to shred the meat for other uses, then return the bones to the pot to continue simmering for richer broth.
Once done, carefully strain the broth through a fine-mesh sieve or cheesecloth into a large bowl or another pot. Discard the solids (or save tender vegetables if desired).
Let the broth cool slightly, then refrigerate (skim off any fat that solidifies on top if desired).
Store in airtight containers in the fridge for up to 5 days or freeze for 3–6 months.